Python Variable Scope

1) Local Variable

Write a function that creates a local variable x = 10 and prints it inside the function. Call the function.

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2) Local vs Global

Create a global variable a = 5. Write a function that defines a local variable also named a = 10 and prints it. After calling the function, print the global a.

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3) Modify Global

Create a global variable count = 0. Write a function that increments count using the global keyword.

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4) No Global Keyword

Do the same as #3 without global, and observe the result.

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5) Nested Function Scope

Write a function outer() that defines a variable msg = "hello". Inside it, define inner() that prints msg. Call inner() from outer().

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6) Shadowing

Create a global variable num = 100. Inside a function define a local num = 50 and print both local and global values.

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7) Access Before Assignment

Write a function that prints a variable before it’s defined inside the function — handle the error.

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8) Parameter Scope

Define:

def greet(name):
    print(name)

Call it with user input.

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9) Return Local Value

Write a function that creates a local variable x = 20 and returns it. Print outside the function.

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10) Modify List Inside Function

Pass a list into a function and append a value. Print the modified list outside.

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11) Variable Not Defined

Try to print a local variable outside its function — observe the error.

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12) Global in Branch

Create global flag = False. Inside a function, use global flag and change it to True. Print before and after calling.

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13) Reassign Without global

Try to change a global variable inside a function without using global, and explain why it didn’t change.

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14) Default Argument and Scope

Write a function with a default argument and print it — then override on call.

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15) Function with Same Name Globally

Define a global variable and a function with the same name — explore behavior.

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16) Global List Modification

Create a global list. Inside a function, modify its elements without reassigning the list — print before and after.

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17) Nested Function with Outer Modification

Define a nested function that tries to modify an outer function’s variable. Use nonlocal (or show error if not used).

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18) Global Integer Modify

Create x = 1. Inside a function, modify x using global and print both inside and outside.

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19) Variable Scope in Loop

Write a for loop that defines a variable and print it after the loop (test visibility).

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20) Scope and Input

Ask user for a number inside a function and return it; print outside.

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🧠 Core Concepts Practiced

Concept	Example in Assignments
Local variable	#1, #9
Global variable	#2, #3, #12
global keyword	#3, #18
Nested scope	#5, #17
Parameter scope	#8
Variable shadowing	#6
Mutable vs Immutable in functions	#10, #16

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💡 Short Example

Local vs Global

x = 10

def sample():
    x = 5  # local
    print("Inside:", x)

sample()
print("Outside:", x)

Output:

Inside: 5
Outside: 10

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canvil: 333f6c7d-6876-4f7e-b6ad-1bdb2233f5c1