Python Namespace and Scope

1) Local Scope

Write a function that defines a variable inside it and prints it. Call the function.

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2) Global Scope

Create a global variable and print it outside any function.

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3) Access Global Inside Function

Create a global variable x = 10. Write a function that prints x without redefining it.

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4) Local vs Global with Same Name

Define value = 5 globally. Inside a function, create a variable with same name value = 10 and print both inside and outside the function.

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5) Modify Global Inside Function

Use the global keyword to modify a global variable inside a function. Print before and after.

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6) Nested Function & Enclosing Scope

Define a function inside another function. Have the inner function print a variable from the outer function.

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7) Enclosing Scope Modification

Use the nonlocal keyword to modify a variable in the enclosing function scope.

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8) Function Parameters & Local Scope

Write a function with a parameter a. Print a inside and call the function.

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9) UnboundLocalError

Create a function that tries to modify a global variable without global (should raise error). Observe the exception.

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10) Builtin Namespace

Print a builtin function like len, then call it inside a function.

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11) Shadowing Builtins

Define a variable named len and observe how it affects calling actual len().

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12) Scope Test with Loop

Create a loop that defines a variable and print that variable after the loop.

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13) Scope in List Comprehension

Use a list comprehension that references an outer variable; print the result and outer variable afterward.

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14) Multiple Global Variables

Set 3 global variables outside any function. Inside a function, print them using global.

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15) Read-Only Global

Have a function read a global value but not modify it. Verify global stays same.

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16) Local Variable Persistence

Write a function that defines a local variable and call the function twice — observe that the local does not persist between calls.

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17) Function Default Parameter Scope

Define a function with a default parameter referencing a global variable; change the global, then call the function.

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18) Return vs Print

Write a function that defines a local variable and returns it. Print the result outside the function.

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19) Variable Created Inside If Block

Create a variable inside an if block (not in function) and try printing it outside. Observe that it works.

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20) Nested Globals & Locals

Inside a function, create a small inner function that tries to print both a global and outer local variable.

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📝 Notes & Concepts Practiced

Concept	What You Learn
Local scope	Variables inside functions
Global scope	Variables outside functions
global keyword	Modify outer variables
nonlocal keyword	Modify enclosing function variables
Shadowing	When a local hides a global/builtin
Builtins	Python’s default global namespace
Name resolution (LEGB)	Local → Enclosing → Global → Builtin

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📌 Mini Code Hints

Global vs Local

x = 5         # global

def func():
    x = 10    # local
    print(x)  # prints 10

func()
print(x)      # prints 5

Modify Global

count = 0

def inc():
    global count
    count += 1

inc()
print(count)  # prints 1

Nonlocal Example

def outer():
    x = 5
    def inner():
        nonlocal x
        x = 10
    inner()
    print(x)  # 10

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