ReAct and CoT Prompting

Boosting LLM Reasoning with Step-by-Step Thinking

When you want better reasoning, decision-making, or multi-step answers from a language model, regular prompts often fall short.

That’s where two prompting strategies come in:

  • CoT (Chain-of-Thought) Prompting

  • ReAct (Reasoning + Acting)

These approaches help the model think step-by-step, just like a human solving a problem.


🔗 1. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting

Chain-of-Thought prompting guides the LLM to explain its reasoning step-by-step before giving a final answer.

Instead of jumping straight to an answer, the model is encouraged to "show its work."

🧪 Example:

Prompt:

“If Alice has 3 apples and gives 1 to Bob, how many does she have left?” Regular Answer: “2” CoT Prompted Answer: “Alice starts with 3 apples. She gives 1 to Bob. 3 - 1 = 2. So the answer is 2.”

✅ Great for:

  • Math word problems

  • Logical reasoning

  • Trivia with explanations

  • Scientific or legal arguments


🔁 2. ReAct Prompting (Reasoning + Acting)

ReAct goes beyond just thinking — it combines:

  • Reasoning steps (like CoT)

  • With Actions (like calling a tool or retrieving info)

ReAct lets the LLM plan its next step, take an action, and then continue reasoning.

🧪 Example Use Case:

“Who is the CEO of Tesla, and what’s their age?”

ReAct-style behavior:

  1. Reason: “To answer this, I need to look up the current CEO.”

  2. Action: [Search Tool → “CEO of Tesla” → "Elon Musk"]

  3. Reason: “Now I need to find Elon Musk’s birth year.”

  4. Action: [Search Tool → “Elon Musk age” → "52"]

  5. Answer: “The CEO of Tesla is Elon Musk, who is 52 years old.”

✅ Great for:

  • Agentic workflows

  • Tool-using AI (search, calculator, database)

  • Dynamic decision trees


📊 ReAct vs CoT

Feature
Chain-of-Thought (CoT)
ReAct Prompting

Focus

Pure reasoning steps

Reasoning + interacting with tools

Use Cases

Math, logic, structured tasks

Agents, tool-using assistants

Output Style

"Step 1... Step 2..."

Thought → Action → Observation

Complexity

Simple to implement

Needs tools or memory integration


🧠 Summary

  • CoT: Helps models "think out loud" for more accurate answers

  • ReAct: Lets models reason and act — powering agent-like behavior

  • Both are essential for building smarter, explainable, interactive GenAI apps


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